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Q:
PostConform and film-video transfers, pull down theory.
A:
The audio you receive from the production sound mixer (in the western hemisphere and parts of Japan) will most likely be in one or more of the following formats:Timecode DAT- 60Hz reference (30fps)MDM (ADAT or DA88)- 60Hz reference (30fps)Nagra Digital- 60Hz reference (30fps)Nagra Analog (stereo or single stripe)- 60 Hz refernce(30fps)The most important thing to remember is this: If the editorial process is to be conducted with video equipment, you will always be working at the NTSC, 29.97 or 29.97 dropframe timecode frame rate.The reason for this is that in order to transfer the film footage to video, the Telecine process is used. A byproduct of this is a very slight slowing of the picture play speed by a factor of .01%.What this means for the conformist (pardon the pun) is that when you are dealing with production audio (location sound rolls or source reels), which are 60Hz referenced, you will need to approach loading your material in one of two ways-You can re-digitize the data (record through the Pro Tools analog inputs). This will give you audio recordings which match sync at 44.1 or 48kHzIf you are doing digital transfers there are two possible ways of working.The first is that you(and/or your editors) will be required to work with your Pro Tools sync source (VSD,SSD or MicroLynx) sample clock "pulled down"to a ".99%"speed- 44.1 khz will actually be played at 44.056kHz, and 48kHz will be played at 47.520kHz. This is the preferred way to go if there are plans to directly sync Pro Tools to the film chain for dubbing to Mag stock for the mix stage. At that point you can run the footage at the normal playspeed and be in sync with the film chain.WARNING: If you are working with pull down active, you will have to be very attentive to details such as ALWAYS verifying that the settings of your Pro Tools slave clock settings are correct! If not, you will probibly have a lot of angry supervisors, editors and mixers beating a quite hostile path to your door!The second way of loading would be through a Sample Rate Converter, which will change the incoming audio- (black resolved 59.97Hz (44.056 or 47.520kHz Sample Rates to a Black resolved 44.1 or 48kHz sample rates) this will allow you to work at 100% video play speed.)
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